Title Essay Example

Title Essay 1. What is the application ZenMap GUI ordinarily utilized for? Depict a situation where you would utilize this kind of utilization. /Scanning all areas inside the nearby space. /If I was a budgetary bookkeeper, I would utilize this to perceive what my representatives are getting to and who is doing what on the organization web. I might want to discover who is trading off their benefits and getting to improper destinations. 2. What is the connection between dangers, dangers and vulnerabilities in accordance with Information Systems Security all through the seven areas of a commonplace IT framework? /They all influence security and trustworthiness of a system space nearby. 3. Which application is utilized in sync #2 in the hacking procedure to play out a powerlessness evaluation examine? /Nessus 4. Before you direct a moral hacking procedure or entrance test in a live creation organize, what must you do preceding playing out the surveillance and examining and filtering methodology? Play out an IP have disclosure and port exceptional output 5. What is a CVE posting? Who hosts and who supports the CVE database posting site? /A framework that gives a record to freely know ISS defenselessness/The open 6. Can ZenMap GUI distinguish what working frameworks are available on IP servers and Workstations? What might that choice resemble in the order line if running an output on 172. 30. 0. 10? /Yes/It would be the gr een content in the order line . In the event that you have checked a live host and distinguished that it is running Windows XP workstation OS, how might you utilize this data for playing out a Nessus Vulnerability evaluation examine? /You have to choose Windows Credentials in the drop down menu close to accreditation type. 8. When helplessness is recognized by Nessus, where would you be able to check for more data with respect to the distinguished powerlessness, abuses, and the hazard alleviation We will compose a custom exposition test on Title explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Title explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Title explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Historical and religious values and attachments to the Holy Lands of Essay

Chronicled and strict qualities and connections to the Holy Lands of Jews, Christians and Arab Muslims - Essay Example The three significant and most commanding religions of the world are in contention with one another since ages so as to catch and practice total expert in the Holy Land. This is because of their strict convictions and the Prophetic confirmations existing in the Holy Land. Think about and investigate the authentic and strict qualities and connections to the â€Å"Holy Lands† of Jews, Christians and Arab Muslims. The Holy Land which was once perceived as ‘Palestine’ has a profound and unmistakable relationship with three significant religions of the world including Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Since ages the devotees of these religions have kept up contention to involve and rehearse authority over the Holy destinations of Palestine. These religions have various likenesses, for example, the idea of Monotheism and dissimilarities or clashes based on Prophets and their lessons which consistently have been an explanation of question among them. Blessed Land as the n ame demonstrates is the sacrosanct spot where Muslims, Christians and Jews go for performing strict obligations and commitments. The spot is honored to observe the Prophetic occasions concerning Prophet Solomon, Prophet Jesus and in conclusion Prophet Muhammad. By and by Holy grounds are under the authority of Jews nonetheless, verifiable records mirror that it was once in the impact of Muslims and Christians as well.... Christians are the supporters of Prophet Jesus. Since the hour of Prophet Jesus till now they are asserting authority over the Holy Land as a large portion of the life of Prophet Jesus was spent there. Christians perceive Palestine as their Prophet’s Land and in this manner they have been battling hard to get the hold of the Holy Land so they can actualize their strict lessons there. The greater part of the occasions in the life of Prophet Jesus which occurred in the Holy land are referenced in New Testament which mirrors the nearby relationship of Christians with Palestine1. Christians accept that Prophet Jesus was executed in the Holy land accordingly they have fabricated an unprecedented landmark at where everything occurred. The exceptional landmark is known as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Since ages Christians have been making a trip to the Holy land for playing out a few strict practices and rituals2. Christians need to set up their standard over the Holy Land so as to smooth the pathway for journeys and furthermore to assume control over the spot which at first had a place with their Prophet. A trade of forces is seen among the devotees of the three religions with regards to rehearse authority over the Holy Land. By and by it is heavily influenced by Jews and already it was affected by British who isolated the zone into two divisions; one was for Muslims and other was to be worked as a Zionist State3. It has been an extraordinary time that Christians didn't get its ownership in spite of the fact that they see it as the most lofty spot for themselves. This has actuated a much extraordinary want among them to deal with the issues of the Holy Land. This could

Springfield

Springfield Springfield. 1 City (1990 pop. 105,227), state capital and seat of Sangamon co., central Ill., on the Sangamon River; settled 1818, inc. as a city 1840. In a rich agricultural region (sorghum, corn, cattle, and dairying), it is a wholesale trade, retail, and distribution center. Its varied industries produce consumer goods, flour, transportation equipment, parking meters, building materials, machinery, and electrical and electronic products. There is also book publishing. Oil and natural-gas fields lie to the south. The city is the seat of Springfield College in Illinois, Benedictine University, and the Univ. of Illinois at Springfield. Nearby are New Salem Historic Site, Camp Butler National Cemetery, and Lake Springfield. Abraham Lincoln, who was instrumental in having Springfield made the state capital in 1839, lived and practiced law there from 1837 to 1861. He is buried nearby, with his wife and three of their children, in a tomb and monument designed by L. G. Mead and dedic ated in 1874. Lincoln's home is preserved as a national historic site. Other places of interest include the capitol (1867â€"87), built in the style of Renaissance architecture; the old capitol (1837), where Lincoln made his House Divided speech and which contains the state historical library; several Lincoln museums, including the Depot Museum, where Lincoln made his farewell address (1861), and that at the Lincoln presidential library; the governor's mansion (1853â€"57); the state art gallery; and the state fairgrounds. Vachel Lindsay was born in Springfield; his house is a museum. 2 Industrial city (1990 pop. 156,983), seat of Hampden co., SW Mass., on the Connecticut River; inc. 1641. A port of entry, the city has significant printing and publishing industries. Among its many manufactures are ordnance, chemicals, plastics, machinery, electrical equipment, paper and metallurgical goods, and clothing. The city is the seat of Springfield College, American International Colle ge, and Western New England College. Saint-Gaudens ' Puritan is in Merrick Park. Also in the city are Forest Park (which has a zoo), the Basketball Hall of Fame, and several additional museums. Springfield was settled (1636) by Puritans under William Pynchon , and was one of the scenes in Shays's Rebellion (1786â€"87) and a station on the Underground Railroad . The U.S. Armory, which operated there from 1794 to 1966, was famous for the development of the Springfield and Garand army rifles; it now contains an arms museum and is a national historic site (see National Parks and Monuments , table). Basketball was invented at what is now Springfield College in 1891 by James Naismith . The first American-made projection planetarium was designed and built (1937) by Frank Korkosz for the city's science museum, which also contains an aquarium. 3 City (1990 pop. 140,494), seat of Greene co., SW Mo., in a resort area of the Ozarks; inc. 1846. It is the industrial, trade, service , and shipping center of a rich agricultural area producing dairy goods, livestock, poultry, grains, and fruit. The city's manufactures include metal, wood, and paper products; motor vehicles and transportation equipment; foods; machinery; electronic goods; apparel; feeds; and artificial flowers. Springfield is the seat of Drury Univ., Southwest Missouri State Univ., Evangel Univ., Baptist Bible College, and Central Bible College. It is also the international headquarters of the Assemblies of God church. In the Civil War, Springfield was taken by Confederate forces after the battle (1861) of Wilson's Creek; nearby are the battlefield and a national cemetery. Wild Bill Hickok lived in the city. 4 City (1990 pop. 70,487), seat of Clark co., W central Ohio, on the Mad River; settled 1799, inc. as a city 1850. A manufacturing center in a rich farm area, it is especially known for its production of farm machinery and trucks. Other goods include are machinery, tools, and a variety of metal (iron and steel) products. The city grew with the building of the National Road (1838), the arrival of the railroads (mid-1800s), and the establishment of farm-machinery plants (late 1800s). Wittenberg Univ. is there, as is Frank Lloyd Wright's Westcott House. Nearby is George Rogers Clark Park. 5 City (1990 pop. 44,683), Lane co., W central Oregon, between the McKenzie and Willamette rivers; inc. 1885. Near the forested foothills of the Cascade Range, the city has important lumbering and forest-product industries. Berries, nuts, poultry, dairy products, nursery plants, smoked fish, and chemicals are also produced. The McKenzie River recreational area is nearby. 6 Uninc. town (1990 pop. 23,706), Fairfax co., NE Va., a suburb of Washington, D.C. Its manufactures include foods, paper and concrete products, transportation equipment, medical devices, machinery, computers, and furniture. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia Univer sity Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Dihybrid Cross Definition and Example

A dihybrid cross is a breeding experiment between P generation (parental generation) organisms that differ in two traits. The individuals in this type of cross are homozygous for a specific trait or they share one trait. Traits are characteristics that are determined by segments of DNA called genes. Diploid organisms inherit two alleles for each gene. An allele is an alternative version of gene expression inherited (one from each parent) during sexual reproduction. In a dihybrid cross, parent organisms have different pairs of alleles for each trait being studied. One parent possesses homozygous dominant alleles and the other possesses homozygous recessive alleles. The offspring, or F1 generation, produced from the genetic cross of such individuals are all heterozygous for the specific traits being studied. This means that all of the F1 individuals possess a hybrid genotype and express the dominant phenotypes for each trait. Dihybrid Cross Example Look at the above illustration. The drawing on the left shows a monohybrid cross and the drawing on the right shows a dihybrid cross. The two different phenotypes being tested  in this dihybrid cross are seed color and seed shape. One plant is homozygous for the dominant traits of yellow seed color (YY) and round seed shape (RR)—this genotype can be expressed as (YYRR)—and the other plant displays homozygous recessive traits of green seed color and wrinkled seed shape (yyrr). F1 Generation When a true-breeding plant (organism with identical alleles) that is yellow and round (YYRR) is cross-pollinated with a true-breeding plant with green and wrinkled seeds (yyrr), as in the example above, the resulting F1 generation will all be heterozygous for yellow seed color and round seed shape (YyRr). The single round, yellow seed in the illustration represents this F1 generation. F2 Generation Self-pollination of these F1 generation plants results in offspring, an F2 generation, that exhibit a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in variations of seed color and seed shape. See this represented in the diagram. This ratio can be predicted using a Punnett square to reveal possible outcomes of a genetic cross. In the resulting F2 generation: About 9/16 of F2 plants will have round, yellow seeds; 3/16 will have round, green seeds; 3/16 will have wrinkled, yellow seeds; and 1/16 will have wrinkled, green seeds. The F2 progeny exhibit four different phenotypes and nine different genotypes. Genotypes and Phenotypes Inherited genotypes determine the phenotype of an individual. Therefore, a plant exhibits a specific phenotype based on whether its alleles are dominant or recessive. One dominant allele leads to a dominant phenotype being expressed, but two recessive genes lead to a recessive phenotype being expressed. The only way for a recessive phenotype to appear is for a genotype to possess two recessive alleles or be homozygous recessive. Both homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant genotypes (one dominant and one recessive allele) are expressed as dominant. In this example, yellow (Y) and round (R) are dominant alleles and green (y) and wrinkled (r) are recessive. The possible phenotypes of this example and all possible genotypes that may produce them are: Yellow and round: YYRR, YYRr, YyRR, and YyRr Yellow and wrinkled: YYrr and Yyrr Green and round: yyRR and yyRr Green and wrinkled: yyrr Independent Assortment Dihybrid cross-pollination experiments led Gregor Mendel to develop his law of independent assortment. This law states that alleles are transmitted to offspring independently of one another. Alleles separate during meiosis, leaving each gamete with one allele for a single trait. These alleles are randomly united upon fertilization. Dihybrid Cross Vs. Monohybrid Cross A dihybrid cross deals with differences in two traits, while a monohybrid cross is centered around a difference in one trait. Parent organisms involved in a monohybrid cross have homozygous genotypes for the trait being studied but have different alleles for those traits that result in different phenotypes. In other words, one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is homozygous recessive. As in a dihybrid cross, the F1 generation plants produced from a monohybrid cross are heterozygous and only the dominant phenotype is observed. The phenotypic ratio of the resulting F2 generation is 3:1. About 3/4 exhibit the dominant phenotype and 1/4 exhibit the recessive phenotype.

Similarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats

Similarities and dissimilarities Though P. B. Shelley and John Keats were mutual friends, but they have possessed the diversified qualities in their creativity. These two are the great contributors of English Literature, though their lifecycle were very short. Their comparison are also little with each other, while each are very much similar in thoughts, imagination, creation and also their lifetime. 01) Attitude towards the Nature P. B. Shelley: Whereas older Romantic poets looked at nature as a realm of communion with pure existence and with a truth preceding human experience, the later Romantics looked at nature primarily as a realm of overwhelming beauty and aesthetic pleasure. While Wordsworth and Coleridge often write about nature†¦show more content†¦Autumn is when, as Shelley writes, the winged seeds are placed in their dark wintry bed and lie cold and low. And Keats writes that autumn is the time when the hazel shells are plump with a sweet kernel; to set budding more. These similarities between the two pieces are interesting; however there are many differences in the poems as well. Keats and Shelley express different emotions about the fallseason. Shelley looks at autumn as being wild and fierce while Keats has a more gentle view of the season. Shelley perceives autumn as an annual death, calling it Thou dirge/Of the dying year, and he uses words such as corpse and sepulchre in the poem. He also employs wor ds such as hectic and tameless, and looks upon the autumn horizon as being the locks of the approaching storm. Also, he claims the autumn winds are where black rain and fire and hail will burst. Lines such as this reveal the speakers attitude that autumn is a ferocious and reckless season bearing morbid portence of the coming winter. On the other hand, Keats fills his poem with lighter words such as mellow, sweet, patient, and soft. The speaker of this poem looks out upon the landscape and hears the full-grown lambs loudbleat from hilly bourn, and listens as the gathering swallows twitter in the skies. These lines indicate a much softer and moreamiable emotion felt by the speaker; sentiments quite opposite to those felt in Ode to the West

Gold Price and Effect on Stock Exchange Free Essays

string(220) " look at the historic data brings out that when the stock market crashes or when the dollar weakens, gold continues to be a safe haven investment because gold prices rise in such circumstances \(Gaur and Bansal, 2010\)\." Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India P K Mishra Faculty in Economics, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Orissa, India E-mail: pkmishra1974@gmail. com J R Das Faculty in Management, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Orissa, India E-mail: j. 35979@yahoo. We will write a custom essay sample on Gold Price and Effect on Stock Exchange or any similar topic only for you Order Now co. in S K Mishra Faculty in Economics, TITE, Orissa, India E-mail: sk_mishra@yahoo. co. in Abstract The study of the capital market of a country in terms of a wide range of macroeconomic and financial variables has been the subject matter of many researches since last few decades. Recently one such variable, that is, gold price volatility has attracted the attention of many researchers, academicians and analysts. Thus, this paper is an attempt to analyse the causality relation that may run between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India. The study by taking into consideration the domestic gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 index, investigates the Granger causality in the Vector Error Correction Model for the period January 1991 to December 2009. The analysis provides the evidence of feedback causality between the variables. It infers that the Gold prices Granger-causes stock market returns and stock market returns also Granger-causes the gold prices in India during the sample period. Thus, both the variables contain some significant information for the prediction of one in terms of another. Keywords: Gold Price, Stock Market Return, BSE 100 Index, India, Volatility, Causality JEL Classification Codes: C22, C32, E44 1. Introduction The study of the capital market of a country in terms of a wide range of macro-economic and financial variables has been the subject matter of many researches since last few decades. Empirical studies reveal that once financial deregulation takes place, the stock markets of a country become more sensitive to both domestic and external factors. And, one such factor is the price of gold. From 1900 to 1971, with the global systems of gold standard and USD standard, gold price was regulated. But, since 1972, gold has been disconnected from the USD. Particularly in 1976 when the International Monetary Fund (IMF) passed Jamaica Agreement, did gold begin to evolve from currency to ordinary merchandise and since then gold price as been determined by market supply and demand. And, in India, the government started the process of globalization and liberalization since 1991 which allowed prices to be determined by the market forces. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 48 Since then, the government has been taking a number of steps to reform the gold sector and ensure that India benefits from the demand-influence that it has on the gold business internatio nally. The liberalisation of the gold sector has been made in stages; first allowing a number of banks to import gold – braking the monopoly of the State Trading Corporations; then considerably reducing the import duty – destroying a lucrative parallel smuggling channel and now, allowing traders, manufacturers as well as investors to trade in gold futures in India itself. Figure 1: Annual Price Movement of Gold in Indian Market Prior to the introduction of liberalization and globalization policies, gold prices in India showed an increasing trend (Fig. 1). In the post liberalization period, the average annual prices of gold also showed an increasing trend from the year 1991 to 1996. But, it showed a decreasing trend in 1997 and 1998 and again showed an increasing trend in the year 2000. From 2000 to 2009, gold prices are continuously increasing. The domestic gold price in India is continuously increasing due to its heavy demand in the country. There are several reasons gold has high demand in India. The first reason is security; gold offers full security as long as it is retained by central banks. There is no credit risk attached to gold. Secondly, gold is able to maintain its liquidity even at times of crisis situations like high global inflation or political turbulence. The third reason for holding gold is to build a diversified portfolio. Gold also has taken the role of an asset of last resort. World Economic History shows that countries have repeatedly used gold as security against loans when they have had difficulties with their Balance of Payments and have felt the need to borrow on the international capital markets. The domestic gold prices in India are associated strongly with the import parity prices which are determined by the global spot prices, Dollar-Rupee rate and local taxes and levies. Any change in the global prices gets transmitted very quickly and gets reflected in domestic prices, particularly for countries like India who are price takers in gold with a major part of the demand met by imports. The twin factors, namely, (i) increase in global spot gold prices (as the commodity becomes dearer to those looking for safe haven during times of economic crisis, and (ii) appreciation of USD against INR, led to sharp rise in gold prices in India in the recent past. Moreover, the total annual supply of gold across the globe has also decreased from 4037 tons in 2002 to 3380 tons in 2008. India is a large buyer of gold at about 700-800 tons per annum. It also recycles about 200 tons of gold out of old jewellery. A large chunk of Indian imports is used for jewellery exports. Since the gold prices in India are influenced by international factors, its volatility is very important. Volatility involves short term – monthly, weekly or even hourly fluctuations in gold prices as measured by their absolute percentage changes during a particular period. If we look at the rolling 49 P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra standard deviation of monthly gold prices since 2000, the prices are more volatile after July 2007 which is almost the same time when the slow down started in USA as a result of the sub-prime crisis (Fig. 2). Figure 2: Standard Deviation of Gold Price in India A look at the historic data brings out that when the stock market crashes or when the dollar weakens, gold continues to be a safe haven investment because gold prices rise in such circumstances (Gaur and Bansal, 2010). You read "Gold Price and Effect on Stock Exchange" in category "Papers" It is no surprise that many investors, big and small have chosen to hedge their investments through gold at the time of crises. Figure 3: Movement of Gold Price and BSE 100 Index 20000 16000 12000 8000 4000 0 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 BSE100 GOLDPRICE Gold prices have been on an uptick since 2000, while the stock market declined from 2000 to 2003 and then again in 2008 (Fig. 3). In 2008 when the market was suffering from bearish phase worldwide, gold prices spiked as panic spread across global markets. So far since March 2009 in India signs of recovery in the stock markets have emerged. At the same time gold continues to forge ahead, Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 50 lbeit at a slower pace. In 2008, the two assets prices – equity and gold, were moving in opposite directions, displaying the ability of the yellow metal to protect one’s portfolios at the time of a dip. In fact, during each of the two prolonged bear phases (lasting at least a year) over the past decade, gold has provided an effective hedge. However, in India stocks do not seem to be perceived as an alternat ive to gold. The reason for holding gold is, to a large extent, guided by the individual sentiments. The gold investing habits of Indians strongly ingrained in the Indian Social Psyche. In India gold has been held by individuals for years and have passed hands of many generations. In addition, the equity culture in India is not as developed as in some other parts of the world. Gold has not yet lost its prime importance as a hedge against loss of wealth in times of crises. It is with this backdrop, this paper proceeds to investigate the direction of causality between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II explains the data and methodology, Section III makes the analysis, and Section IV concludes. . Data and Methodology This paper aims at investigating the dynamic relationship between gold prices and stock market returns in India for the period 1991 to 2009. This study is mainly based on secondary data that have been collected from the database on Indian economy maintained by Reserve Bank of India. The study analyses the monthly data on domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India for the aforesaid period. Wherever data were missing, the averages of the data of the previous month and next month have been taken. The monthly stock market returns ( Rt ) based on BSE 100 Index have been calculated by the ? I ? Rt = log ? t ? ? I t ? 1 ? where I and I are the logarithmic difference change in the BSE 100 Index, i. e. , t t ? 1 closing value of monthly BSE 100 Index at time ‘t’ and‘t-1’ respectively. At the outset, the Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the aforesaid time series has been calculated and its significance has been tested by the t-test. The correlation coefficient has been calculated by using the formula: N ? XY – (? X)(? Y) r= N ? X 2 – (? X)2 N ? Y 2 – (? Y)2 And, the significance of this correlation coefficient has been tested by the t-test using the tr n? 2 under the null hypothesis H 0 : ? = 0 against the alternative hypothesis of statistic t n ? 2 = 1? r2 H1 : ? ? 0 with n-2 degrees of freedom. If the calculated value of t exceeds the critical value of t, then the null hypothesis will be rejected; otherwise accepted. Then the Granger causality between the variables has been investigated in the Vector Error Correction framework. And, as the essential steps of Granger Causality test, the stationarity and cointegration between variables have been found out. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test has been used to examine the stationarity of the time series of the study and to find the order of integration between them. The ADF unit root test has been performed by estimating the regression: ? Yt = ? 0 + ? 1Yt ? 1 + ? ? j? Yt ? j + ? t j=1 p The ADF unit root test is based on the null hypothesis H 0 : Yt is not I(0) . If the calculated ADF statistic is less than the critical value, then the null hypothesis is rejected; otherwise accepted. If the 51 P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra variable is stationary at level, the variable is said to be integrated of order zero, I(0). If the variable is non-stationary at level, the ADF test can be utilised and the first difference of the variable can be used for testing a unit root. In this case, the variable is said to be co-integrated of order one, I(1). In the second step, the Johansen’s cointegration test has been applied to check whether the long run equilibrium relation exists between the variables. The Johansen approach to cointegration test is based on two test statistics, viz. , the trace test statistic, and the maximum eigenvalue test statistic. i = r +1 The trace test statistic can be specified as: where ? i is the i th largest eigenvalue of matrix ? and T is the number of observations. In the trace test, the null hypothesis is that the number of distinct cointegrating vector(s) is less than or equal to the number of cointegration relations ( r ). The maximum eigenvalue test examines the null hypothesis of exactly r cointegrating relations against the alternative of r + 1 cointegrating relations with the test statistic: ? max = ? T log(1 ? ?r +1 ), where ? trace = ? T ? log(1 ? ?i ), k ?r +1 is the (r + 1)th largest squared eigenvalue. In the trace test, the null hypothesis of r = 0 is tested against the alternative of r + 1 cointegrating vectors. At the end, the Granger Causality test has been used to determine whether one time series is useful in forecasting another thereby finding out the direction of relationship between the variables of the study. In the Granger Causality test, the vector of endogenous variables is divided in two sub-vectors, Y1t and, Y2t with dimensions K1 and, K 2 respectively, so that K = K1 + K 2 . The sub-vector Y1t is said to be Granger-causal for Y2t if it contains useful information for predicting the latter set of variables. For testing this property, the levels VAR following form without exogenous variables of the model is considered. A 0 Yt = A1Yt ? 1 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ + A p +1Yt ? p ? 1 + B0 X t + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ + Bq X t ? q + C*D*t + u t If that model contains p + 1 lags of the endogenous variables as in the above model, the test is based on a model with p + 2 lags of the endogenous variables, ? Y1t ? p + 2 ? ?11,i ? 12,i ? ? Y1,t ? i ? ? u1t ? ? ? Y ? + CD t + ? ? ? Y ? = ? ? 2t ? i =1 ? 21,i ? 22,i ? ? 2,t ? i ? ? u 2t ? as proposed by Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996). The null hypothesis that Y1t is not Granger-causal for Y2t is tested by checking the null hypothesis ? 21,i = 0, i = 1, 2,†¦. , p + 1 A Wald test statistic, divided by the number of restrictions pK1K 2 , is used in conjunction with an F(pK1K 2 , KT ? n * ) distribution for testing the restrictions. Here n * is the total number of parameters in the system (Lutkepohl, 1991), including the parameters of the deterministic term. Of course, the role of Y1t and Y2t can be reversed to test Granger-causality from Y2t to Y1t . 3. Empirical Analysis It is clear from the Fig. 3 that the direction of movements of gold prices and BSE 100 Indices in India is same. The value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between these two time series over the period 1991 to 2009 is 0. 873. To test whether this value of ‘r’ shows a significant relationship between two time series, student’s t-test has been used. The null hypothesis of the test is r = 0 against the alternative of r ? 0. Since the t-statistic at 226 degrees of freedom is 26. 9 and the critical value of t at 5% level of significance is less than it, the null hypothesis is rejected. So, it can be said that the correlation between gold prices and BSE 100 indices is statistically significant. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 52 Thus, it seems that gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 Index are significantly correlated. And, computation reveals that the value of ‘r’ is 0. 0143 between them which is not statistically significant for the t-statistic of 0. 217 at 226 degrees of freedom. So it can be said that although gold prices and BSE 100 Indices are significantly correlated, the correlation between gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 Index is not significant. But much interesting results have been obtained from the Granger Causality test. The Granger causality test presumes that the given time series are stationary. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test has been used for this purpose. And, the results of such test are reported in Table 1. Table 1: Results of Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test ADF Statistic -14. 61 Critical Values At 1%: -3. 459 At 5%: -2. 874 At 10%: -2. 573 At 1%: -3. 459 At 5%: -2. 874 At 10%: -2. 573 Decision Reject Null hypothesis of no unit root Variables in their First Differences Gold Prices Stock Market Returns -12. 01 Reject Null hypothesis of no unit root It is clear from the Table 1 that the hull hypothesis of no unit roots for both the time series are rejected at their first differences since the ADF est statistic values are less than the critical values at 10%, 5% and 1% levels of significances. Thus, the variables are stationary and integrated of same order, i. e. , I(1). In the next step, the cointegration between the stationary variables has been tested by the Johansen’s Trace and Maximum Eigenvalue tests. The results of these tests are shown in Table 2. The Trace test indicates the existence of two cointegrating equatio ns at 5% level of significance. And, the maximum eigenvalue test makes the confirmation of this result. Thus, the two variables of the study have long-run or equilibrium relationship between them. Table 2: Results of Johansen’s Cointegration Test Sample: January 1991 to December 2009 Included observations: 225 after adjustments Trend assumption: Linear deterministic trend Series: Gold Prices and Stock Market Returns Lags interval (in first differences): 1 to 2 Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace) Trace 0. 05 Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value 0. 264883 83. 69901 15. 49471 0. 062248 14. 46069 3. 841466 Hypothesized No. of CE(s) None * At most 1 * Prob. ** 0. 0000 0. 0001 Trace test indicates 2 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0. 05 level * denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0. 5 level ** MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Maximum Eigenvalue) Hypothesized Max-Eigen 0. 05 No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value None * 0. 264883 69. 23832 14. 26460 At most 1 * 0. 062248 14. 46069 3. 841466 Max-eigenvalue test indicates 2 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0. 05 level * denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0. 05 level ** MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values Prob. ** 0. 0000 0. 0001 53 Table 3: Results of Granger Causality Test P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra Null Hypothesis Gold Prices do not Granger Cause Stock Market Returns Stock Market Returns do not Granger Cause Gold Prices F-Statistic (73, 12) 11. 678 32. 997 Probability 0. 000 0. 000 Decision Reject Reject Now, the Granger causality test can be performed to determine the direction of causation between these two variables in the Vector Error Correction Model. The results of the Granger causality test are reported in Table 3. It is inferred that the null hypothesis of â€Å"Gold Prices do not Granger Cause Stock Market Returns† and â€Å"Stock Market Returns do not Granger Cause Gold Prices† are here clearly rejected. Thus, both the variables contain some significant information such that they cause each other. But it is very interesting to note that these two variables are insignificantly correlated, i. e. , a very low degree of correlation holds between them. During the period of global financial crisis, stock markets crashed but gold price continues to increase in the country. This could be explained as follows. The extent of holding of gold in India is widespread but stocks are not held by all, though retail participation in the Stock Markets might have gone up in the last few years. Indians consider gold the safe haven investment as a financial asset and as jewellery. World Gold Council Report says that India stands today as the world’s largest single market for gold consumption. Traditionally, gold has been more attractive than bank deposits, stocks and bonds. In developing countries, people have often trusted gold as a better investment. In many countries including India, gold remains an integral part of social and religious customs, besides being the basic form of savings. But recently many innovative financial products have been lunched relating to gold. In March 2003, the first Gold Exchange Traded Fund, i. e. , Gold Bullion Securities was launched on the Australian Stock Exchange. Now, gold exchange traded funds are being traded like shares on the major stock exchanges including London, New York and Sydney. In India the first gold ETF was launched in March 2007 by Benchmark Mutual Fund. And, the UTI gold ETF has emerged as the best performer since May 2009. The number of new accounts created by Gold ETFs in India surged 57% between March and September 2009. The overall AUM in Gold ETFs at the end of December 2009 was Rs 1,352 crore, up from Rs 717 crore in April 09. It shows that Indian investors are gradually moving into gold ETFs for investment instead of physical form. Recently derivatives such as gold forwards, futures and options have become very popular and have been traded on various exchanges around the world and over-the-counter directly in the private market. In the USA, gold futures are primarily traded on the New York Commodities Exchange. In India, the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange introduced 100 gram gold futures in November 2006. The volume of Gold futures traded in this exchange during January to August 2007 was 4,479,114 which have been increased to 9,038,795 in January to August 2008. It is thus inferred that Indians have started considering gold more than jewellery and as good as investments on bonds and equities. Perhaps, this explains the co-movement of gold prices and stock prices in the aftermath of global financial crisis. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 54 4. Conclusion This paper examines the gold price volatility and the causality between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India for the period 1991 to 2009. The study uses monthly data on the defined time series. The required data have been collected from the database of Reserve Bank of India. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test says that the time series of the study are stationary and all integrated of order one. The Johansen’s cointegration test reveals that there exists long run equilibrium relation between gold prices and stock market returns in India. Then application of Granger causality test in the vector error correction model suggests the evidence of feedback causality running between the gold prices and BSE 100 Index based stock returns in India. Thus, each variable contains some ignificant information so that one can be used to predict the other. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] Abken A. Peter (1980), â€Å"The Economics of Gold Price Movements†, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Economic Review, March /April. pp 3-13. Aggarwal R. and Soenen, L. A. (1988), â€Å"The Nature and Efficiency of the Gold Market†, The Journal of Portfolio Management, Vol. 14, pp. 18-21. Agarwal, Sanjeev (2004), â€Å"Bullion Markets†, BSE Review of Markets, pp. 46-48. Aggrarwal, R. , Inclan, C. , Leal, R. (1999). â€Å"Volatility in Emerging Stock Markets†. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 34, 33-55. Asuncion, J. (2007). â€Å"India’s Capital Markets: Unlocking the Door to Future Growth†. Germany: Deutsche Bank Research. Baillie, R. T. , DeGennaro, R. P. (1990). â€Å"Stock Returns and Volatility†. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 25, 203-214. Bhattacharya, Himadri, (2004), â€Å"Deregulation of Gold in India – A Case Study in Deregulation of a Gold Market†, Research Study No 27, World Gold Council, pp. 1-28 Blose, Laurence E. (1996), â€Å"Gold Price Risk and the Returns on Gold Mutual Funds†, Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 48, pp. 499-513. Brodsky, David A. and Gray P. Sampson (1980), â€Å"The Value of Gold as a Reserve Asset†, World Development, Volume 8, Issue 3, March 1980, Pages 175-192. Cai, J. , Cheung, Y. and Wong, M (2001), â€Å"What Moves the Gold Market? †, The Journal of Futures Markets, Vol. 21, No. 3, 257-278, O John Wiley Sons, Inc. Campbell, J. Y. , Lo, A. W. , MacKinlay, A. C. (1997). The Econometrics of Financial Markets. Second Edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chua, J. , and Woodward, R. (1982), â€Å"Gold as an Inflation Hedge: A Comparative Study of Six Major Industrial Countries†, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. , pp. 191-197. Citanna, A. , Schmedders, K. (2005). â€Å"Excess Price Volatility and Financial Innovation†. Economic Theory, Vol. 26, 559-587. Dickey, D. A. , Fuller, W. A. (1981). â€Å"Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Auto-Regressive Time Series with a Unit Root†. Econometrica, Vol. 49, 1057-1072. Dolado, J. J. and L utkepohl, H. (1996), â€Å"Making Wald Tests Work for Cointegrated VAR Systems†, Econometric Reviews, Vol. 15, pp. 369-386. Dun’s Review (1980), â€Å"Bring Back the Gold Standard†, Vol. 115, No. 2, pp. 58-67. Engle, R. , Granger, C. W. (1987). â€Å"Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing†. Econometrica, Vol. 55, pp. 251-276. Ensers, Walter (1995), Applied Econometrics Time Series, John Wiley and Sons, Singapore. Gaur, A. and Bansal, M. (2010), â€Å"A Comparative Study of Gold Price Movements in Indian and Global Markets†, Indian Journal of Finance, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 32-37. Ghosh, Dipak, Levin, E. J. , Macmillan, Peter and Wright, R. E. (2002), â€Å"Gold as an Inflation Hedge†, Discussion Paper Series No. 0021, Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews. 55 [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra Granger, C. W. (1986). Developments in the Study of Cointegrated Economic Variables†. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, Vol. 48, 213-228. Granger, C. W. (1969). â€Å"Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric Models and Cross Spectral Methods†. Econometrica, Vol. 37, pp. 424-438. Granger, C. W. (1974). â€Å"Spurious Regressions in Econometrics†. Journal of Economet rics, Vol. 2, pp. 111-120. Granger, C. W. , Morgenstern, O. (1963). â€Å"Spectral Analysis of New York stock Market Prices†. Kyklos, Vol. 16, 1-27. Greene, William H. (2003), Econometric analysis, 5th ed. , Pearson Education Publishers, New Delhi. Gujarati, D. N. Sangeetha. (2007). Basic Econometrics. New Delhi: TMH Publishing Company Ltd. Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood-Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Johnson, H. Clark (1994), â€Å"The Gold Standard, France and the Coming of the Depression: 1919-1932†, Yale University. Kendall, M. (1953). â€Å"The Analysis of Economic Time Series†. Journal of the Royal Statistically Society, Series A, Vol. 86, 11-25. Kim, Youngje (2002), Gold Analysis, web. syr. edu/~ykim30/file/gold. pdf Lutkepohl, H. (1991), Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, Springer Verlag, Berlin. MacKinnon, James G. , Alfred A. Haug, and Leo Michelis (1999), â€Å"Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests For Cointegration,† Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 563-577. Poitras, G. and Neil Alan (1996), â€Å"A Study of Gold Futures Price Spreads†, Columbia University. Poon, S. H. , Granger, C. W. (2003). â€Å"Forecasting Volatility in Financial Markets: A Review†. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XLI, 478-539. RBI (1997), â€Å"Gold in India†, Reserve Bank of India Bulletin. Rueff, J. and Hirsch, F. (1965), â€Å"The Role and the Rule of Gold- An Argument†, Princeton Paper No. 7, June. Salent, S. , and Henderson, D. , (1978), â€Å"Market Anticipation of Government Policies and the Price of Gold†, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 86, pp. 227. 249 Schill, M. J. (2006). â€Å"New Perspectives on Investing in Emerging Markets†. The Research Foundation of CFA Institute, Emerging Markets (May) . Shah, A. (1 999). â€Å"Institutional Change on india’s Capital Markets†. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXIV (3-4), pp. 183-194. Sjaastad, L, and Scacciavillani, F. , (1996), â€Å"The Price of Gold and the Exchange Rate†, Journal of International Money and Finance. Vol. 15, pp. 79-897 Shiller, R. J. (1998). Market Volatility. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Subramaniam, S. (1989). â€Å"The Impact of Political and Economic Events on Stock Behaviour†. Doctoral Dissertation, IIM, Ahmedabad . Taylor, S. (1986). Modelling Financial Time Series. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Toda, H. Y. , Philips, C. B. (1993). â€Å"Vector Autoregression and Causality†. Econometrica, Vol. 61, No. 6, 1367-1393. Tschoegl, A. E. (1980), â€Å"Efficiency in the Gold Market†, Journal of banking and Finance, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 371-379. [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] How to cite Gold Price and Effect on Stock Exchange, Papers

Underlying Themes in the Works of James A Michener Essay Example For Students

Underlying Themes in the Works of James A Michener Essay James A. Michener is often regarded as a literary outsider. Despite his vast works that have sold millions of copies and delighted readers everywhere, his blunt approach to literature has brought him much criticism. Despite his lack of many literary vehicles to convey his ideas, his works do contain several universal and underlying themes. These themes can often be applied to our lives and thought processes to benefit us for the better. One of Micheners most apparent and perennial underlying themes is on the issue of race. As literary critic Pearl K. Bell has said, He Michener tries to improve their the readers hearts by exposing the torment and destruction caused by racial intolerance (Stine and Marowski, ed. 29: 314). Michener himself has said that one of his major themes has been man as a brother to all other men (The World is My Home, 507). In This Noble Land: My Vision for America, Michener says, No aspect of our society causes me greater apprehension than the lamentable state of our race relations (49). Indeed, Michener has seen racial tensions as a great trouble in our society, and has written his works to deal with such. We will write a custom essay on Underlying Themes in the Works of James A Michener specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The theme of race first comes up in Micheners debut novel, Tales of the South Pacific. In Our Heroine, Nellie Forbush, a nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas, falls in love with a French planter who has eight illegitimate, mixed-race children. She has trouble accepting these nigger children because of her Southern roots, but in the end she overcomes this prejudice and accepts the children as her own. In Fo Dolla, Lieutenant Joe Cable falls in love with an island girl, but he is not allowed to marry her because of military regulations and American prejudice (Day 36-54). The theme of overcoming racial tensions is central in Sayonara. In this novel, an army major is sent to Japan for rest and recovery during the Korean War, and while there he falls in love with a Japanese dancer. He defies orders and regulations and goes to live with her, risking his entire military career. In the end, however, he is forced to return to America without as much as even saying goodbye to his Japanese sweetheart (Day 81-85). The theme of race is also apparent in Hawaii. In one part of the novel, missionary Abraham Hewlett is forced to resign from the mission because he married a Hawaiian girl, an act considered an abomination by his peers. He condemns them with the words, You love the Hawaiians as potential Christians, but you despise them as people (Hawaii 290). Michener also describes races cooperating and mixing to advance Hawaii and allow it to ascend in power and greatness (Day 118-130). In The Source, Michener chronicles the persecution of the Jews. In the town of Makor, during the Roman invasion, most Jews are executed and the rest become slaves. When the Muslim invaders come years later, they also execute and enslave Jews, and subject them to harsh rule. All of this suffering was simple because they were Jews (Becker 87-88). The race issue is also dealt with in Centennial. The Indians and whites start out as peaceful on the frontier. However, bigot whites come to the frontier, see the Indians as meddlesome, and therefore want to exterminate them (Becker 121-126). This leads to much conflict between the whites and Indians. In Chesapeake, Michener puts the theme of race in with black slavery. The horrors of slavery are chronicled, starting with the capture of slaves in Africa and moving on to plantation life. Shown is how the slaves were pulled down to a mournful level because the whites think they are inherently superior (Becker 144-149). Also described is how blacks live in a diminished state of life after the abolition of slavery due to discrimination by whites. .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .postImageUrl , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:hover , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:visited , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:active { border:0!important; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:active , .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3 .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1ccb2842e1148d024af5502361faec3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immigration Essay SummaryA less obvious and less persistent, but still prominent, underlying theme of Micheners is the environmental issue. According to Frank N. Magill, Michener discusses the fragile bond that exists between the land and the people who live on it (Magills Survey 1352). Indeed, in The Quality of Life, Michener says, The quality of a good life depends in large measure on how

Free Essays on Sexuality In Advertisements

Sexuality in Advertisements Sexuality is all of the sexual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with being human. What are â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"sexual† scripts? When I looked in the dictionary, I kind of figured the meaning wasn’t the literal definition of script that I found. I personally think that â€Å"cultural† scripts are how different cultures around the world are expected to act, and dress. â€Å"Sexual† scripts on the other hand are the way that men and women are expected to act in general. In many countries both â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"sexual† scripts are utilized. For instance, in Iraq women are expected to dress in clothing that does not show off their skin in any way, and it is considered a sign of respect. The men are considered the â€Å"leaders† of their household. That is how it has been for centuries, so therefore that would be considered their culture. â€Å"Sexual† scripts are also found in many civilizations. Men are portrayed as masculine, leaders, or lazy. Women are considered to be the weaker sex and are supposed to be submissive, the homemaker, and the mother. As I was looking through magazines, I noticed how girls/women are shown in advertisements. There are mostly two ways that women are shown in the commercials, and magazine ads. One way is the woman being very seductive, sexy, and sometimes-even skanky, meaning that they have a certain look on their face, or they are showing the several inches of skin. For example, there was one advertisement in Glamour magazine from Foley’s department store. The picture had a naked woman looking into a mirror with only a gold necklace on. The slogan stated, â€Å"You’re not fully dressed without beautiful gold jewelry† (Glamour Magazine). Now, personally, I think they could have done some other type of picture to get that particular point across. That statement also implies that women are vein and have to have material things to feel beautiful, or... Free Essays on Sexuality In Advertisements Free Essays on Sexuality In Advertisements Sexuality in Advertisements Sexuality is all of the sexual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with being human. What are â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"sexual† scripts? When I looked in the dictionary, I kind of figured the meaning wasn’t the literal definition of script that I found. I personally think that â€Å"cultural† scripts are how different cultures around the world are expected to act, and dress. â€Å"Sexual† scripts on the other hand are the way that men and women are expected to act in general. In many countries both â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"sexual† scripts are utilized. For instance, in Iraq women are expected to dress in clothing that does not show off their skin in any way, and it is considered a sign of respect. The men are considered the â€Å"leaders† of their household. That is how it has been for centuries, so therefore that would be considered their culture. â€Å"Sexual† scripts are also found in many civilizations. Men are portrayed as masculine, leaders, or lazy. Women are considered to be the weaker sex and are supposed to be submissive, the homemaker, and the mother. As I was looking through magazines, I noticed how girls/women are shown in advertisements. There are mostly two ways that women are shown in the commercials, and magazine ads. One way is the woman being very seductive, sexy, and sometimes-even skanky, meaning that they have a certain look on their face, or they are showing the several inches of skin. For example, there was one advertisement in Glamour magazine from Foley’s department store. The picture had a naked woman looking into a mirror with only a gold necklace on. The slogan stated, â€Å"You’re not fully dressed without beautiful gold jewelry† (Glamour Magazine). Now, personally, I think they could have done some other type of picture to get that particular point across. That statement also implies that women are vein and have to have material things to feel beautiful, or...

World War II List of Battles By Year and Theater

World War II List of Battles By Year and Theater World War II: Conferences Aftermath | World War II: 101 | World War II: Leaders People The battles of the World War II were fought across the globe from the fields of Western Europe and the Russian plains to the China and the waters of the Pacific. Beginning in 1939, these battles caused massive destruction and loss of life and elevated to prominence places that had previously been unknown. As a result, names such as Stalingrad, Bastogne, Guadalcanal, and Iwo Jima became eternally entwined with images of sacrifice, bloodshed, and heroism. The most costly and far-reaching conflict in history, World War II saw an unprecedented number of engagements as the Axis and Allies sought to achieve victory. The battles of World War II are largely divided into the European Theater (Western Europe), Eastern Front, Mediterranean/North Africa Theater, and the Pacific Theater. During World War II, between 22 and 26 million men were killed in battle as each side fought for their chosen cause. World War II Battles by Year and Theater 1939 September 3-May 8, 1945 - Battle of the Atlantic - Atlantic Ocean December 13 - Battle of the River Plate - South America 1940 February 16 - Altmark Incident - European Theater May 25-June 4 - Dunkirk Evacuation - European Theater July 3 - Attack on Mers el Kebir - North Africa July-October - Battle of Britain - European Theater September 17 - Operation Sea Lion (Invasion of Britain) - Postponed - European Theater November 11/12 - Battle of Taranto - Mediterranean December 8-February 9 - Operation Compass - North Africa 1941 March 27-29 - Battle of Cape Matapan - Mediterranean April 6-30 - Battle of Greece - Mediterranean May 20-June 1 - Battle of Crete - Mediterranean May 24 - Battle of the Denmark Strait - Atlantic September 8-January 27, 1944 - Siege of Leningrad - Eastern Front October 2-January 7, 1942 - Battle of Moscow - Eastern Front December 7 - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Pacific Theater December 8-23 - Battle of Wake Island - Pacific Theater December 8-25 - Battle of Hong Kong - Pacific Theater December 10 - Sinking of Force Z - Pacific Theater 1942 January 7-April 9 - Battle of Bataan - Pacific Theater January 31-February 15 - Battle of Singapore - Pacific Theater February 27 - Battle of the Java Sea - Pacific Theater April 18 - Doolittle Raid - Pacific Theater March 31-April 10 - Indian Ocean Raid - Pacific Theater May 4-8 - Battle of the Coral Sea - Pacific Theater May 5-6 - Battle of Corregidor - Pacific Theater May 26-June 21 - Battle of Gazala - North Africa June 4-7 - Battle of Midway - Pacific Theater July 1-27 - First Battle of El Alamein - North Africa August 7-February 9, 1943 - Battle of Guadalcanal - Pacific Theater August 9-15 - Operation Pedestal - Relief of Malta - Mediterranean August 9 - Battle of Savo Island - Pacific Theater August 19 - Dieppe Raid - European Theater August 24/25 - Battle of the Eastern Solomons - Pacific Theater August 25-September 7 - Battle of Milne Bay - Pacific August 30-September 5 - Battle of Alam Halfa - North Africa July 17-February 2, 1943 - Battle of Stalingrad - Eastern Front October 11/12 - Battle of Cape Esperance - Pacific Theater October 23-November 5 - Second Battle of El Alamein - North Africa November 8-16 - Naval Battle of Casablanca - North Africa October 25-26 - Battle of Santa Cruz - Pacific Theater November 8 - Operation Torch - North Africa November 12-15 - Naval Battle of Guadalcanal - Pacific Theater November 27 - Operation Lila Scuttling of the French Fleet - Mediterranean November 30 - Battle of Tassafaronga - Pacific Theater 1943 January 29-30 - Battle of Rennell Island - Pacific Theater February 19-25 - Battle of Kasserine Pass - North Africa February 19-March 15 - Third Battle of Kharkov - Eastern Front March 2-4 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea - Pacific Theater April 18 - Operation Vengeance (Yamamoto Shot Down) - Pacific Theater April 19-May 16 - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - Eastern Front May 17 - Operation Chastise (Dambuster Raids) - European Theater July 9-August 17 - Invasion of Sicily - Mediterranean July 24-August 3 - Operation Gomorrah (Firebombing Hamburg) - European Theater August 17 - Schweinfurt-Regensburg Raid - European Theater September 3-16 - Invasion of Italy - European Theater September 26 - Operation Jaywick - Pacific Theater November 2 - Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Pacific Theater November 20-23 - Battle of Tarawa - Pacific Theater November 20-23 - Battle of Makin - Pacific Theater December 26 - Battle of the North Cape - Atlantic Ocean 1944 January 22-June 5 - Battle of Anzio - Mediterranean January 31-February 3 - Battle of Kwajalein - Pacific Theater February 17-18 - Operation Hailstone (Attack on Truk) - Pacific Theater February 17-May 18 - Battle of Monte Cassino - European Theater March 17-23 - Battle of Eniwetok - Pacific Theater March 24/25 - The Great Escape - European Theater June 4 - Capture of U-505 - European Theater June 6 - Operation Deadstick (Pegasus Bridge) - European Theater June 6 - D-Day - Invasion of Normandy - European Theater June 6-July 20 - Battle of Caen - European Theater June 15-July 9 - Battle of Saipan - Pacific Theater June 19-20 - Battle of the Philippine Sea - Pacific Theater July 21-August 10 - Battle of Guam - Pacific Theater July 25-31 - Operation Cobra - Breakout from Normandy - European Theater August 12-21 - Battle of the Falaise Pocket  - European Theater August 15-September 14 - Operation Dragoon - Invasion of Southern France - European Theater September 15-November 27 - Battle of Peleliu - Pacific Theater September 17-25 - Operation Market-Garden - European Theater October 23-26 - Battle of Leyte Gulf December 16-January 25, 1945 - Battle of the Bulge - European Theater 1945 February 9 - HMS Venturer sinks U-864 - European Theater February 13-15 - Dresden Bombing - European Theater February 16-26 - Battle of Corregidor (1945) - Pacific Theater February 19-March 26 - Battle of Iwo Jima - Pacific Theater April 1-June 22 - Battle of Okinawa - Pacific Theater March 7-8 - Bridge at Remagen - European Theater March 24 - Operation Varsity - European Theater April 7 - Operation Ten-Go - Pacific Theater April 16-19 - Battle of the Seelow Heights - Eurpean Theater April 16-May 2 - Battle of Berlin - European Theater April 29-May 8 - Operations Manna Chowhound - European Theater    World War II: Conferences Aftermath | World War II: 101 | World War II: Leaders People

Exercise 5.3 and 5.4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise 5.3 and 5.4 - Assignment Example He said that many drivers had removed their winter snow tires and the dusting was enough to create conditions in which cars slid off the road.                   A call to the National Weather Service at Fargos Hector International airport also yielded that a narrow band of storm clouds rolled across central North Dakota, dumping just a tenth of an inch of snow. The NWS spokesperson Todd Drizzle said, â€Å"We got a bit more than we expected," adding that forecasters had expected "mere flurries." D. B. Dotty, 124 W. Breedlaw Road, who also witnessed the accident, testified that the ground froze fast the previous night to near zero. â€Å"The concrete was so cold this morning that instead of melting, the snow turned to ice. Nobody expected it. It got slick all of a sudden," She said. When I arrived there, motorists had fled the scene of the accident and backed up half a mile on both sides of the scene. Responding also to the accident were a water-tanker truck, a paramedics unit, a rescue squad, two fire engines, state and county troopers and a tow truck. The other car driver John Washburn, a 22-year-old undergraduate at North Dakota State University, was unhurt after driving his white Geo Metro into a mailbox on Poplar Avenue. Mr.Washbum regretted having pulled off his snow tires the previous week. â€Å"I guess Ill wait a few more weeks next year. Sure stinks to get stuck in the snow," he said. A police spokesperson observed that most of the 60 accidents occurred between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. Melinda Frades, a 69-year-old woman has lost to fire a home and small barn at 384 Serramonte Ave. The estimated value of the property was $1.2 million. The fire began at about 4 p.m. at the bottom of a hill near the highway and spread up to the top, where it reached the single-story ranch-style house. According to Woodside Fire Capt. Jan Spiegel, it looked like it might have been something somebody threw from a car, although this is yet to be

Microsoft words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microsoft words - Essay Example The 5 year financial projection of the company on the basis of following growth estimates are shown below: The inflation is expected to decline gradually and by the second quarter of 2017 it is expected that inflation will turn negative. This will reduce lending and borrowing rates which will enable the manufacturing companies to leverage returns by employing debt capital. The population is expected to increase in a predictable linear trend pattern which is good for manufacturing industry. This is because higher population will create higher demand for goods and services. The graph depicted above forecasts Information Technology & Communications expenditure. The graph reveals as to why European telecommunication networks and services are the backbone of Europe’s developing technology sector. Increased expenditure in this sector will encourage manufacturing industry to use modern technology in the manufacturing process. This market size is an indication of developing political, legal and economic factors of the country. Increasing Operating cost is the most critical issue in any business and in order to increase profitability, this needs to be controlled. One can consider manufacturing in domestic market of UK because of the political factors that are currently aimed at reviving lost market demand after recession. For instance, the UK government has planned to strengthen the existing supply chain network in UK which would create and preserve over 15,000 jobs in manufacturing industry. The rationale is that by boosting manufacturing sector and creating more jobs, the economy will accelerate out of recession. A joint industry and government investment in form of public-private partnership aims to strengthen advanced supply chain in UK by investing over  £200 million (Schutte, 2013). When one conducts a cost-benefit analysis for setting up a manufacturing base in UK the company has to perceive the investment decision keeping in mind the

The Teachings Of Buddha And Buddhism

The Teachings Of Buddha And Buddhism Buddha is the principal figure in the religion of Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses and simple rules, which involve the renouncing of earthly pursuits in order to wholly devote ones self to spiritual work, are believed to have been summarized after his demise and are memorized by his followers. Collections of the teachings attributed to him were originally passed down to generations by oral tradition, and were first committed to writing about 400 years after his death. In other religions such as the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and Hinduism, Buddha is regarded as a prophet and in others, a god. Followers of this religion recognize Buddha as an enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help beings that are not enlightened and are therefore confined to death, rebirth and suffering to achieve nirvana. Nirvana refers to a supreme state which allows one to be free of suffering and selfish or individual existence. Nirvana allows an individual to blow out the fires of hatred, greed and delusion and therefore end the cycle of suffering in the individuals life. The two major branches of Buddhism are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada, which is the oldest surviving branch, refers to the school of elders, and is widespread in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. Mahayana is widely practiced in East Asia and Vajrayana, a subcategory of Mahayana, is recognized as a third branch and is practiced in Tibet and Mongolia. Though Buddhism remains most popular within Asia, both branches are now seen to spread throughout the world with estimates of around 350-500 million followers worldwide. The core foundation of Buddhist belief and practice are the three treasures or jewels i.e. the three things that Buddhists look toward for guidance and take refuge in, are the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. The Buddha refers to the historical founder of Buddhism or can be interpreted to mean the highest spiritual potential that exists within nature. The Dharma refers to the teachings of Buddha while the Sangha refers to the community of those individuals who have attained enlightenment, and who may help a practicing Buddhist attain the same. Taking refuge in the triple jewels distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist and traditionally, it has been a declaration and commitment to following the Buddhist path. Other practices in Buddhism may include renouncing conventional living, becoming part of and supporting the monastic community as well as practice of meditation. Even though less than 1% of Americas are Buddhists, it is difficult to overlook the prominence of Buddhism today in American culture. This can mainly be attributed to the media focus on celebrity converts, popular films and the increasing popularity of the Dalai Lama, a Buddhist leader of spiritual officials of the Gelug people, who practice Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhism has expanded through a broad spectrum of American culture, including film, art, literature, and psychology. The history of Buddhism in the United States can be traced back to the Chinese laborers who came to the United States in 1820, to work on the railroads. Henry David Thoreau, an American poet, also played an important role in the popularization of Buddhism with his translation of the Lotus Sutra, a 3rd century Buddhist text. By 1993, there were over 1000 Buddhist temples and monasteries in San Francisco, New York and Los Angeles. As recent public opinion surveys illustrate, Americans typically seek for new religious expression. Additionally, Americans demonstrated the desire to be different from the living styles offered by conventional religions. According to this same survey, more than 44% of Americans had left their original religions to seek for other religions they thought to be more fulfilling; Buddhism being one of them. Though ambiguous, Buddhisms appeal to the contemporary American society can sometimes be contradictory, with a thin line being between the end of practicing Buddhism as a fashionable and trendy practice, and the beginning of devotional focus on this ancient religion. Buddhism has predictably invaded the American culture with vegetarian restaurants, health food stores and even some movies attributing part of their success to this religion. To many Americans, Buddhism has become an all-encompassing, primary gateway to meaningful life. Buddhist concepts on life and the world are continuously being adopted into the American culture. A good example is Karma which according to the Buddhist teachings, is the force that drives the cycle of actions that produce seeds in an individuals mind that are sure to come true either in this current life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unpleasant actions and the nurturing of positive actions is called sila, which can be translated to ethical conduct. According to Buddhist teachings, karma is used to refer to the actions of the mind, body, as well as speech, that originate spring from the psychological intent and which bring a result or consequence. In Theravada Buddhism, since karma is a purely impersonal process that is part of the structure of the universe, there can be no divine deliverance or forgiveness for ones action. However, other forms of Buddhism, such as the Vajrayana, regard the recitation of mantras, a sound, syllable, utterance or a group of words, as a way of cutting off previous negative karma. This concept helps an individual understand that everything that happens to him or her is as a result of their actions and we should therefore struggle to do good deeds. Buddhism rejects the concept of an unchanging or permanent self with an eternal soul as in other religions like Hinduism and Christianity. Instead, Buddhist teachings emphasize on rebirth, the process whereby beings go through a series of lifetimes as one of several possible forms of sentient life, with each running from conception. Rebirth can be understood as the continuation of an ever-changing process which is determined by the laws of reason and karma, or effect, as opposed to that of one life form incarnating from one life to the next. This concept of Buddhism emphasizes on the need for a being to do good while in the current life in order to attract good karma in their subsequent lives. Sentient beings desire pleasure and are averse to pain from their birth to death. In being controlled by these desires, they bring about the cycle of habituated suffering and existence, and produce the causes and conditions of the subsequent rebirth after death. Every rebirth repeats this process in an uncontrolled cycle, which Buddhists try to end by applying the teachings of the Buddha and subsequent Buddhists, as a way of eradicating these causes and conditions. Buddhist teachings accentuate that all the sufferings that any sentient being goes through has causes and solutions. This is especially revealed in the four noble truths which were the first teachings of Buddha after he attained Nirvana. They contain the essence of Buddhas teachings which maintain that life ultimately leads to suffering, which in turn is cause by desire. This is frequently expressed as a deluded clinging to selfhood or a certain sense of existence which we consider to cause happiness or unhappiness. Suffering only ends when desire ends, which can only be achieved by eliminating delusion, thus reaching a liberated state of enlightenment i.e. Nirvana. The only way to reach this state is by following the path and teachings laid out by the Buddha. This concept emphasizes on the renouncing of ones self in order to free his or herself from worldly sufferings. The Middle Way, which is said to have been discovered by the Buddha before his enlightenment, is one of the most important guiding principles of Buddhist practice. It can be defined as a path of moderation, away from the limits of self indulgence and can explain Nirvana, a state in which it becomes clear that al dualities in the world result to nothingness. In order o be liberated from suffering, one develops dispassion for worldly objects which can be achieved by viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence which are suffering, impermanence and not-self. Impermanence expresses the Buddhist notion that everything is in constant flux and nothing lasts. Therefore, we should not fix our nature to any object or experience. The notion asserts that everything is impermanent, and attachment to anything is futile and only leads to suffering. Suffering, on the other hand, can be equated to misery and according to the Buddhist teachings; it is often as a result of the individuals actions. Not-self, the third mark of existence is an approach for gaining release from suffering. The phenomenon of I or mine, are constructed by the mind and are metaphysical assertions that bind an individual to suffering. By carefully analyzing the continually changing physical and mental constituents of a person or object, one comes to the conclusion that neither a person, nor any individual parts as a whole comprise a self. Nirvana, which can be translated to extinction, allows a being to be freed from suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths. In some Buddhist categories, it refers only to the elimination of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in an individual who attained nirvana and that one needed to attain bodhi, the awakening of arahants (those who have achieved awakening). This is the only way that an individual attains complete nirvana at the moment of death, the time when the physical body expires. In the Theravada doctrine of Buddhism, a person may arise from the sleep of ignorance and directly realize the true nature of reality. Such people are referred to as arahants and occasionally as buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of religious strivings, arahants reach the end of the cycle of rebirth, and no longer reincarnate as human, animal, ghost, or any other being. In Mahayana, the Buddha is viewed as merely human but as an earthly projection of an endless, omnipresent being beyond range or reach of thought. Moreover, the Buddha, Sangha and Dharma are seen as the eternal Buddha in certain Mahayana sutras. Celestial Buddhas though they no longer exist on the material plane of existence, still aid in the enlightenment of all beings. Devotion and practice are an important part of the Buddhist way of life. Devotional practices include offerings, bowing and chanting. It incorporates states of meditative absorption with liberating cognition. According to Buddhas teachings, meditative states alone are not an end to liberation. Instead, some mental activity must take place, based on the practice of mindful awareness in order to attain complete liberation. In the centuries preceding the Buddha, meditation was a feature of the practice of the yogis. Later on, the Buddha built upon the yogis concern and developed their meditative techniques, though he rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, clear and mindful awareness was to be observed at al times, which was not the case in pre-Buddhist yogic practices. According to the Buddha, religious knowledge or vision was as a result of perfect meditation coupled with the perfection of discipline. The contemporary American culture has heavily borrowed this section of t he Buddhist doctrine by the practice of yoga as a means of liberation. Buddhist ethics, Sila, which is translated to virtuous behavior or morality, is an action involving intentional effort, and is committed through the body, speech or mind. It refers to maintaining the moral purity of word, thought or deed. It involves four conditions; chastity, quiet, calmness, and extinguishment. It is the foundation of meditative or mind cultivation. Observance of these precepts not only promotes the peace of mind for the individual observing them, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the law of karma, observing these precepts is estimable and it promotes causes which bring about happy and peaceful effects. Buddhas monastic rules are designed to assure a satisfying life and constantly remind his followers that it is the spirit that counts. Buddhist meditation is concerned with transformation of the mind, and using it to explore other phenomena. Zen Buddhism became popular in Japan, Korea and China, and lays special emphasis on meditation and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth, unlike other forms of Buddhism which lay emphasis on scriptures. According to the Zen Buddhist teachings, thinking and thought must not be permitted to confine and bind an individual in order to penetrate the realm of the Formless Self. Many Americans have borrowed liberally from the wide variety of Buddhist traditions in an effort to seek a calmer and more satisfying way of life. Though there is tension between the Buddhistss vision of reality which emphasizes on the renouncing of ones self with the American culture which emphasizes on individualism, Buddhism has continued to thrive in America. This could be attributed to the American Buddhists who have developed reciprocity with this faith: as the faith changes them, they have changed the faith also. Historically, wherever Buddhism has spread, it has responded as a dynamic improvement to the emotional needs and customs of the locals. Buddhism has a wide range of spiritual practices and the adoption of its spiritual techniques is especially appealing to some Americans who find activities like meditation and chanting useful in helping to find a path to increasing compassion and wisdom. This is because Buddhism has no devotion to a god or a firm belief in deity, but emphasizes the introspection of ones true nature and kindness to all sentient beings. It is this Buddhism flexibility that allows it to be copied by other religions without significant conflict with the beliefs. Majority of Americans seem to appreciate the fact that Buddhism has managed to escape the depressing history of sectarian violence that has been seen to characterize majority of the Western religions. Instead, Buddhism continues to focus on the affirmation of an individuals potential and teaches that enlightenment is not only achievable but also unavoidable. American culture has also had a positive effect on Buddhism tradition too. The American commitment to feminism can be seen to balance the prejudiced aspects of Asian culture that have permitted the existence of Buddhism over the centuries. With more Americans discovering the value of Buddhist religious practices and the Buddhist way of life, Buddhism is now becoming an accepted path within many religions in the country. Buddhism is being modified to meet the American peoples needs for a socially engaged and democratic form of religious practice. In the American culture, the concept of God has been seen to evolve from that of an omnipresent, omnipotent presence to define various concepts like love, energy or spirit. Despite the continuing evolutions of the Americans conception of God, other religions, such as Buddhism, have not changed significantly. By contrast, Buddhism has changed its major emphasis from theism to spiritual humanism. Core beliefs in Buddhism include finding immortality in the examples that individuals set and the work they do as well as showing love to all other beings. As in does not emphasize on deities, Buddhism helps individuals gain insight on from other religions and cultures and recognize the power within ones self. Through Karma, which though, originally from India is inscribed in Buddhists teachings, individuals learn and understand that they are responsible for what they do and become, both as individuals and as members of a community. By meditation, individuals deeply connect personally with themselves and through prayers and reverence; they acquire purification, or cleansing of their emotional, physical, spiritual and mental parts. Physical cleansing is acquired as the sweat carries out the toxins out from the individuals body while the mental cleansing is achieved from the individual releasing their worries and troubled thoughts to the surrounding. The spiritual cleansing offers a connection to the spirit while emotional cleansing is a combination of al the above. The process of the se cleansings brings an individual to a calmer and more grounded state, leaving them more peaceful with themselves and their lives. In Tibetan Buddhism, the mandala is seen as an aid to meditation and it expresses the intuition of the mysticism in humanity as a diagram of the spiritual life. In Buddhism, it is an image constructed through powerful meditation, discipline, and concentration. It is aimed at finding a balance between the inward and outward conflicting opposites of life in order for individuals to coexist in harmony with nature. The mandala philosophy is based on the fact that one-sidedness, of any nature, can lead to illness, depression, loss of energy flow or stagnation. Many Americans have borrowed mandala, meaning magic circle, from the Buddhist tradition in order to reconcile and harmonize various aspects of their lives. Mandala cannot be brought about by force or will but is a natural, unending process of development which expresses itself in symbols of cosmic and spiritual completeness. In American culture, mandalas occur in dances and artwork, where like snowflakes, mandalas occur in countless forms, with the most common being the cross, flower or star and they have a tendency toward fourfold structures. This fourfold unity reflects the natural division of the universe into four directions, four seasons, four elements as well as the fourfold structure of the soul. Buddhism teachings

How to Calculate Retirement Funds

To calculate the present value of interest and principal payments, you will need to use the NAP function, rather than the UP function, since the cash flows in the principal and interest columns are not constant throughout time. ] What do you observe when you look at these numbers? Explain. (c) Using your amortization table, what Is the principal that remains to be paid after you have completed 15 years of payments? How does this figure relate to the payments that you have already made? How does this figure relate to your remaining payments? Explain. (d) Suppose that you had bought this house in June of 2006 under the terms scribed above.Since that date, the average house has declined in value at the rate of 1% per month. [This is the national average for the 3-year period ending summer 2009. ] Assuming that you also experienced this price decline on your house, at what point in calendar time will you owe more in principal on the loan than the house is worth? Assume throughout that yo u make every payment on time and that house prices continue to decline until at least this point in time. Answer the same question if you had paid 30% down Instead of 10%. Explain why your answers are different. E) Now suppose that your house from part (d) was located In Miami, FL.The average decline in housing prices over this time period in Miami was about 2% per month for the last 4 years. Assume that your house's price declined by the same amount as the average house in the Miami area. How does a 2% decline change your answers to part (d)? Are the answers the same or different? Explain. NOTE: For questions prepare a spreadsheet model for part. Use this spreadsheet model with additional calculations for part b, c, d, e. Written answers to the questions in b, c, d, and e should be place on a separate worksheet In the same document. 2.Suppose that your salary at age 25 Is $72,500 and that you are paid on a monthly basis. You plan to retire at age 65 and will need 75% of you last ye ar's salary as Income after you retire for living expenses. You have saved $55,000 to date. You want to build your dream home to live out the rest of your life in at age 50. Based on current prices Ana an Notation rate Tanat Is expected to rise at 1% per year Inelegantly, you project this home will cost $1,000,000 to complete. You have some older relatives that have always had an interest in you and have indicated that you are in their wills. Assume that you will inherit $100,000 in 5 years.Assume that you like to travel and plan to take one nice trip every year starting at the end of your first year of retirement until age 75. The average price of the kind of trips you would like to take is $5,000 today and will rise with inflation. You project that your salary will grow at a rate of 2% and that your retirement income needs will grow at 1%. Finally, assume that you expect to live to age 85 and that you wish to have a balance at the end of your life that is equal to the present valu e of 5 years of your needed income. The appropriate interest rate for your working life is 9% and declines to 6% after you tire.Both rates of return are nominal. Assume that growth rate and interest rates are quoted as annual figures and reported as EAR's. A) What % of your monthly salary do you need to start saving to meet your expected needs? Find the solution to this problem by taking all cash flows to the present (I. E. Age 25) b) Verify that your monthly savings from part a plus your initial savings and inheritance described above will allow you to pay for the house at age 50. NOTE: Build a spreadsheet model to answer these two questions and place it in the same document as your answers to questions 1 .

Lay Down Your Burdens - 2426 Words

In Kant’s vast and dense collection of philosophy, there lies an entire moral code for people to follow. As one of the last traditional philosophers, Kant builds his tremendous philosophical system from the ground up, particularly discussing morality as it applies to people. Kant’s categorical imperatives, just one aspect of his moral law, applies to all situations and commands absolute authority. Kant formulates his moral code in several ways. First, he says to act as if the maxim of your action were to become a universal law of nature, and also to act in such a way that one never uses his or herself or any other person simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. Kant flagrantly demands that people must not exploit one†¦show more content†¦Rubashov cannot foresee, however, the desperation and burden Richard feels as a result of Rubashov and the Central Committee’s decision to expulse him. This anxiety is most evident in Richard’s la st words to Rubashov, where he stammers, â€Å"You c-can’t throw me to the wolves, c-comrade †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Koestler 38). Rubashov successfully protects the pure ideals of the Party from dangerous dissidents like Richard, though he condemns Richard to an uncertain fate. Both Rubashov and Dorian Gray succeed in achieving their respective ends; however, the unintended consequences and adverse effects on others in the process of achieving these ends are reason to argue that the ends do not always justify the means by which one achieves it. In the novel Darkness at Noon, various events that occur in Rubashov’s life reflect the maxim that the ends do not justify the means in the novel. Rubashov’s silence when offered the opportunity to exculpate his former secretary, Arlova, is but one instance in which the end does not justify the means. When Arlova is arrested for â€Å"suspicion of oppositional conspiracy,† Rubashov, as Arlova’s superior, is expect ed â€Å"to disavow them [Arlova] publicly† (Koestler 71). Only when the Party sends Rubashov an ultimatum, or in other words, when his head is at stake, does Rubashov finally choose to give a public declaration. His â€Å"declaration of loyalty †¦ automatically finishes Arlova† and condemns her to a grim fateShow MoreRelatedSymbolism in as I Lay Dying1066 Words   |  5 PagesAs I Lay Dying Essay In the novel As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner each chapter is written through a different characters perspective. The book follows the Bundrens family on their journey to fulfill Addies dying wish. There were many motifs and themes throughout the book but one of the most important ones was the use of symbolism. Cashs tools and Anses farm equipment symbolizing their stability becomes threatened from the carelessness of the Bundrens journey. 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The Conflict Between Israel And Palestine Essay - 2089 Words

The conflict between Israel and Palestine has raged on since Israel s founding in the 1940s, the solution to this problem is not always straight forward or clear. It seems like everyone has formed their opinions and are stuck in their ways. The United Nations has even seem to accept the conflict as a certainty and for a large part does not wish to address it (Baker). However just because this problem is complex doesn t mean there is no hope for a solution. This conflict is generally seen as a war over where the border between these two states should lay, and due to the increase of extremism on both sides, whether both states should even exist or one state should prevail alone. However there is more complexities to the conflict then finding a mutual place for the border be drawn. There is the conflict over who will control the Holy City, Jerusalem. In addition there are concerns on both sides over security and the internal economy of each state. Finally is the problem that even if an agreement to form the two states were met and agreed upon, would these two vastly different and deeply opinionated states even be able to peaceful co-exist in the future. With all the history and politics considered, for me the answer becomes clear; Palestine has the right to be a state and that state should in large part reflect their position they have presented to the international community. The outbreak of this conflict would begin in 1948, however you can start the modern history ofShow MoreRelatedIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Palestine And Israel1303 Words   |  6 Pagesborders between Palestine and Israel have been unfair. The Israeli people have taken a majority of the Palestinians land. This had caused conflict between these two territories for years. The Israel and Palestine conflict has been going on for many decades and nothing seems to be able to solve this issue. All because the Israeli government is very stubborn. 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Without the religious component of a Jewish state and the religious identity of the Palestinians clashing against one another, perhaps the conflict would still have emerged out of territorial or nationalistic disputesRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel and Palestine Essay examples1758 Words   |  8 PagesThe conflict between Israel and Palestine has tight roots in history, stretching thousands of years back to when the Israelites first forged their way into the land, then known as Canaan. It came to its peak in 1948, the year Israel declared its independence (Beinin). Ever since then, the volatile area of Palestine has become a battle ground for war, terrorism, and politics. The two nations have attempted to make agreements, but so far, none of them have succeeded in creating long-lasting peaceRead MoreThe Sad Nature of the Conflict between Israel and Palestine Essay570 Words   |  3 PagesPalestinian refugee camps in the Middle East or thought much about the Palestinian people. This lecture helped me understand the truly sad nature of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. You began the lecture by showing a video about the Aida refugee camp, which is one of many camps the in which the Israelis placed the Palestinians once Israel became a country after WWII. Then you spoke of your experiences living and working there. Telling stories of Israelis shooting children, throwing tearRead MoreHow The Two State Solution Can Solve The Arab / Israeli Conflict825 Words   |  4 PagesArushi Saxena Period 4, History December 1st, 2015 How the Two-State Solution Can Solve the Arab/Israeli Conflict Over the years, people have argued about different solutions for the Arab/Israeli conflict. The Arab-Israeli conflict is an ongoing incongruity between Israelis and the Palestinians. Since 1948, the state of Israel is in the center of the dispute between the Palestinians and Israelis over who should own the land. The Jews (Israelis) claim that the land is theirs based on the promise